Description

Mathematics has always been the foundation of science, engineering, technology, and innovation. As scientific and engineering problems have become increasingly complex, the need for efficient computational techniques has grown significantly. Many real-world problems involving engineering design, scientific research, artificial intelligence, computer graphics, data science, economics, weather forecasting, and optimization cannot be solved exactly by traditional analytical methods. In such situations, Numerical Methods provide reliable and efficient approximate solutions that are both practical and sufficiently accurate for decision-making and engineering applications. Fundamentals of Numerical Methods has been written with the primary objective of providing undergraduate students with a clear, systematic, and application-oriented understanding of the principles and techniques of numerical computation. The book has been carefully designed to serve students of BCA 3rd Sem of Panjab University, Chandigarh. The rapid development of digital computers has transformed numerical computation into one of the most important areas of modern applied mathematics. Today, numerical algorithms are embedded in almost every scientific software package and engineering application. Whether designing bridges, simulating weather conditions, analyzing financial markets, solving differential equations, modeling physical systems, or developing artificial intelligence applications, numerical methods provide the computational backbone for solving complex mathematical problems efficiently. This book has been prepared according to the prescribed university syllabus and presents the subject in a logical and progressive manner.